Eighty-nine enforcement proceedings were listed against a ten-year-old schoolgirl from Omsk. According to the investigators, their total exceeds 10 million rubles. The debts are not hers.
According to her family, her SNILS (the insurance number of an individual pension account, Russia’s personal identification number) ended up in the documents of strangers who owe money. Since she was three, notices have been arriving for her from different regions.
The problem in plain words:
- bailiffs look for debtors in shared databases, and if there is too little information, someone else’s debt can be recorded against a stranger;
- that person sees the debt on Gosuslugi and in a banking app, and may have an account frozen or be banned from leaving the country;
- the error can be fixed, but each ruling has to be contested separately;
- if a SNILS is involved, the number is not changed, and other people’s debts may keep coming back.
The complaint period is short, 10 days. If someone else’s debts are already recorded against you or your child, get in touch: we will study the documents and prepare an application to the bailiff and a complaint.
We read the publications about the case and the provisions of law. Below are the known facts, the open questions and the steps to take if someone else’s debts are recorded against you or your child.
The main points:
- someone else’s debt does not pass to a person who was not a party to the obligation (Art. 308(3) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the “Civil Code” below), but a wrong entry in the bailiffs’ database has to be contested by that person;
- a complaint against a bailiff’s ruling is filed within 10 days: from the day it was issued, or, if you were not notified, from the day you learned of it (Art. 122 of Federal Law No. 229-FZ of October 2, 2007 on Enforcement Proceedings, the “Law No. 229-FZ” below);
- the Social Fund refuses to change a SNILS, so every ruling is contested separately.
The provisions are given as of October 28, 2026. The facts of the case come from publications in Rossiyskaya Gazeta (article, July 9, 2026), Izvestia (article, October 27, 2026) and the Omsk edition of AIF (article). The Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) and the investigators have not disclosed details, so much of what follows is the family’s version.
What Is Known About the Omsk Schoolgirl’s Case?
Facts from the publications:
- in 2019, when the girl was three, the first notice of a utility debt from the Kamchatka region arrived, and her mother got the charge cancelled;
- in May 2024, within two days, 35 debts totaling more than 740,000 rubles were recorded against her SNILS;
- the number of proceedings then grew to 89, and the total of the claims, according to the investigators, exceeded 10 million rubles;
- in June 2026, another 28 enforcement fees totaling 192,000 rubles came from the bailiffs of the Belgorod region.
An enforcement fee is a monetary penalty on a debtor who did not comply voluntarily (Art. 112 of Law No. 229-FZ).
The family’s version. In 2019 a bailiff in the Omsk region entered the child’s SNILS in another debtor’s case as an additional identifier. The family believes the creditor’s application should have been rejected. According to the mother, the number then spread across databases. Debts from different regions started coming in against it, including for loans issued before the girl was born.
Replies from the authorities:
- FSSP: there are currently no enforcement proceedings under this number, and since September 2025 documents have been identified through the Unified Population Register, and if the data do not match, no proceeding is opened;
- the Investigative Committee: it opened cases under Art. 272.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the “Criminal Code” below (unlawful use of personal data, in this case of a minor), the prosecutor’s office repeatedly cancelled them, and the investigation continues;
- the Social Fund (SFR): it refused to change the SNILS number.
Not established:
- how the number got into other people’s documents: a bailiff’s mistake, a system failure or the actions of third parties;
- how many proceedings there were: Rossiyskaya Gazeta writes of more than 200, Izvestia of 89;
- who is at fault and whether officials will be held responsible.
Why Can Bailiffs Link Someone Else’s Debt to Your Number?
An enforcement document on an individual debtor states the surname, first name and patronymic, the date and place of birth, the place of residence and one of the identifiers: the SNILS, the taxpayer number (INN), a passport or a driver’s license (Art. 13(1)(5)(a) of Law No. 229-FZ).
The absence of an identifier in the document does not allow a bailiff to refuse to open a proceeding (Art. 31(1)(4)). From July 27, 2027 this part will gain a new item 14 (Law No. 253-FZ of July 26, 2026), which does not affect item 4. Instead, FSSP may request the debtor’s SNILS, INN and passport data automatically from state systems (Art. 30(1.2)).
So a SNILS can end up in a proceeding even without the document: it is pulled from the databases. If little is known about the debtor, the data may be matched with the wrong person. That is how we understand the law. What happened in the Omsk case is unknown: the family believes the number was entered by hand.
What Should You Do If Someone Else’s Debts Are Recorded Against You or Your Child?
For a child, a parent acts: parents defend their children’s rights in any relations and in court without special authority (Art. 64(1) of the Family Code of the Russian Federation).
The order is as follows:
- Check the databases. The Enforcement Proceedings Data Bank on the FSSP website (Art. 6.1 of Law No. 229-FZ) and the debt-checking service on Gosuslugi search for proceedings by full name and date of birth. Check all regions.
- Gather evidence that the debtor is someone else. Compare the date of birth, the address and the dates in the rulings with your own. Debts that arose before the child was born show the error directly.
- File an application with the bailiff with specific requests. Ask to cancel the measures (for example, an account freeze or a travel ban) and to correct the debtor data, attaching documents that show the debtor is someone else. The period and procedure depend on the requests:
- an application with such requests is considered by the bailiff within 10 days, and the bailiff issues a ruling;
- an application without them is considered under the law on citizens’ appeals (Art. 64.1(1), (5) and (5.1) of Law No. 229-FZ).
- Contest each ruling separately. The complaint goes to the senior bailiff (Art. 123 of Law No. 229-FZ), and an administrative claim is filed in court (Art. 121 of Law No. 229-FZ). The periods are given below.
- Find out in which agreements the child’s number is stated. The conclusion depends on the case:
- if a child under 14 is named as the borrower, only the parents conclude transactions for the child (Art. 28(1) of the Civil Code);
- a transaction concluded by the young child alone is void, that is, invalid from the start (Art. 172(1) of the Civil Code);
- if the number is simply written into someone else’s agreement, the child did not become a party to it (Art. 308(3) of the Civil Code).
- File a police report. Unlawful use and transfer of personal data obtained by unlawful means are punished under Art. 272.1 of the Criminal Code. For a minor’s data this is part 2, and with a selfish motive part 3, while a careless mistake we read as negligence in office (Art. 293 of the Criminal Code).
- Claim compensation for harm. Harm caused by unlawful acts of officials is compensated from the treasury (Art. 1069 of the Civil Code), and a court may compensate non-pecuniary harm too if personal non-property rights are infringed (Art. 151 of the Civil Code). Details, court practice and lawyer’s fees are covered in the article Can You Recover Moral Damages and Losses From Bailiffs?.
If you were mistaken for a namesake of the debtor. The FSSP online reception has a separate type of request for namesakes of debtors (FSSP information of October 22, 2021). We did not find the period for considering them in a primary source, and publications mention two days.
Periods for appeal:
- complaint: 10 days from the day the ruling was issued, or, if you were not notified, from the day you learned of it (Art. 122 of Law No. 229-FZ);
- administrative claim in court: 10 days from the day you learned of the violation (Art. 219(3) of the Code of Administrative Procedure);
- the law does not say that an application to the bailiff suspends these periods, so file the complaint without delay;
- if you learned of the debt late, you can ask the court to restore the period (Art. 95 of the Code of Administrative Procedure).
Can a SNILS Be Replaced If It Is Being Misused?
According to the SFR, a SNILS number is assigned once and for life and stays the same when a surname changes. In the Omsk case the Social Fund refused to change the number, and, as Izvestia writes, there is no mechanism for cancelling it.
A refusal by the SFR can be challenged in court, but we found no law under which a child would be assigned a new number, so you cannot count on such a result. The number stays the same, and defense is built against each specific ruling. According to Izvestia, the girl’s mother contested more than 200 documents one after another, and new charges appeared faster than she could appeal the old ones.
When Is It Enough to Act Yourself, and When Do You Need a Lawyer?
You can manage on your own if:
- there is one proceeding and you found it in time;
- no account has been frozen and no travel ban has been imposed;
- the bailiff answers applications and cancels erroneous measures.
It is better to turn to a lawyer if:
- there are many proceedings or they come from different regions;
- an account is already frozen or a travel ban is in place;
- the 10-day complaint period is running out or has passed;
- the debts reappear after cancellation;
- you want compensation for the error.
How Will We Help?
We work in four steps:
- You write to us in a messenger or leave a request on the site and briefly describe what happened.
- We ask clarifying questions and request documents: rulings, the bailiffs’ replies, statements.
- After studying the documents we name the price, and we start work after payment.
- You receive a written opinion signed by a lawyer. It sets out the legal position, an assessment of prospects and risks, the steps to take and a calculation of costs.
Next we can prepare an application to the bailiff, complaints, an administrative claim and a claim for damages, and represent you in court. We name the terms and the price in advance. The consultation is written, so you do not need to come in: we work with clients from different regions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a child be liable for someone else’s debts? No, if the child was not a party to the obligation. An obligation creates no duties for those who were not part of it (Art. 308(3) of the Civil Code). If a transaction was concluded in the name of a child under 14 without the parents, it is void (Art. 172(1) of the Civil Code). The entry in the database will not disappear by itself, though, and has to be contested.
How do I check debts at the bailiffs by surname, including a child’s? Enter the full name and date of birth in the Enforcement Proceedings Data Bank on the FSSP website and in the debt-checking service on Gosuslugi. Check all regions. For a child, a parent files applications and complaints.
What is the penalty for unlawful use of someone else’s SNILS? If the data belong to a minor, unlawful use carries a fine of up to 700,000 rubles, compulsory labor or imprisonment for up to five years (Art. 272.1(2) of the Criminal Code). With a selfish motive the punishment is stricter, up to six years of imprisonment (part 3).
Can I get compensation for the bailiffs’ mistake? Yes, a claim for losses and non-pecuniary harm is filed against the Russian Federation represented by the FSSP, and the money comes from the treasury. How to do it and what the courts decided is covered in the article Can You Recover Moral Damages and Losses From Bailiffs?.
Read Also
- Can You Recover Moral Damages and Losses From Bailiffs?: a claim for damages, 2026 practice and court costs;
- Fraudsters Took Out a Loan in Your Name: How to Get the Debt Cancelled: what to do if someone else’s loan is issued in your name;
- Four Anti-Fraud Tools Russians Got in 2026: the self-ban, the ban on property deals, the cooling-off period and SIM cards;
- How to Cancel a Notary’s Executive Inscription in Russia: if collection goes ahead without a court;
- Can Bailiffs Take Your Cryptocurrency? What Changed on September 1, 2026: arrest, sale and the debtor’s protection under the rules in force since September 1, 2026;
- How to Find and Collect a Debtor’s Cryptocurrency: A Creditor’s Steps: where to take the document, what to ask the bailiff, deadlines.
Someone else’s debts recorded against you or your child? Write to us on Telegram, WhatsApp or KakaoTalk at +7 (902) 899-07-58 or leave a request on the site. The sooner you write, the more time is left for the complaint.